What does PAN-NATIONALISM stand for? 

Pan-nationalism

Pan-nationalism (from Greek: πᾶν, "all", and French: nationalisme, "nationalism") is a specific term, used mainly in social sciences as a designation for those forms of nationalism that are trying to transcend (overcome) traditional boundaries of basic national identities, in order to create a "higher" pan-national (all-inclusive) identity, based on various common denominators. Pan-nationalism can occur as a specific variant of all common forms of nationalism. In relation to classical state nationalism, pan-nationalism manifests itself through various political movements that are advocating the creation of "higher" (pan-national) forms of political identity, based on a regional or continental grouping of national states (for examples: Pan-Americanism, Pan-Africanism, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Iranism). In terms of ethnic nationalism, pan-nationalism can also manifest itself through specific ethnic movements that are advocating the creation of "higher" (pan-national) forms of common identity that is based on ethnic grouping (for example: Pan-Germanism or Pan-Slavism). Other forms of nationalism also have their pan-national variants. Some forms of pan-nationalism, such as Pan-Germanism, manifest themselves on two levels: wider - relating to the unity of all Germanic peoples - and narrower - relating to the unity of all ethnic Germans, also including (on either of those two levels) German-speaking Austrians and German-speaking Swiss people, many of who may not identify as strictly "German", while still belonging to the wider family of Germanic peoples. Another example is Pan-Turkism, who show deep contempt as well as acts of racism against peoples separate national or ethnic identities of the non-Turkish peoples, mainly against Greeks, Armenians, Assyrians and Kurds.

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